Children get sick, bump their heads and go through dozens of developmental changes in their first years. This guide gives parents a quick overview of the child health topics we are asked about most often, with links to our more detailed articles. Use it to learn what's typical, what you can do at home and when it's time to call the pediatrician.
Fever
A fever is the body's normal response to infection and is usually not dangerous by itself. What matters most is your child's age and how they are acting. Any fever of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher in a baby younger than 3 months needs prompt medical attention. Older children who are drinking, playing between fever doses and breathing comfortably can often be cared for at home. Read what to do when your child has a fever.
Coughs, Colds and Breathing Problems
Most coughs and colds are caused by viruses and get better on their own in 7 to 10 days. Saline drops, a cool-mist humidifier, fluids and rest help. Watch closely for fast or labored breathing, pulling in at the ribs, wheezing or a barking cough. Learn more about colds vs. flu, RSV in babies and croup.
Ear, Nose and Throat
Ear infections, sore throats and tonsillitis are among the most common reasons for sick visits. A strep test can tell whether a sore throat needs antibiotics. See our articles on ear infections, strep throat and tonsillitis.
Stomach and Digestion
Vomiting and diarrhea are usually caused by viruses, and the biggest risk is dehydration. Constipation is also very common, especially during toilet training and when starting school. Read about stomach bugs and dehydration, constipation and the signs of appendicitis.
Skin
Rashes are often harmless, but some deserve a closer look. Common skin topics include eczema, diaper rash, warts, teen acne and hand, foot and mouth disease. A rash with fever that looks like tiny purple or red dots that don't fade when pressed needs urgent care.
Growth, Development and Behavior
Every child develops at their own pace, but milestones help you and your pediatrician spot children who may need extra support. Explore developmental milestones, signs of autism, signs of ADHD and mental health and wellness.
Injuries and Safety
Most childhood injuries are preventable. Car seats, safe sleep, helmets and supervision near water make a real difference. See concussion safety, broken bones, car seat recommendations and safe sleep for babies.
When to Call the Pediatrician
- Your baby is younger than 3 months and has a temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher
- Your child is not drinking, has very few wet diapers or is unusually sleepy
- Symptoms are getting worse instead of better after a few days
- You are worried, even if you can't say exactly why
Call 911 for trouble breathing, blue or gray lips, a seizure, a serious injury, severe allergic reaction or if your child is hard to wake.
For a full list of articles, visit our pediatric health blog, or request an appointment if you would like your child to be seen.